CONNECTIONS (1)

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It seems ironic that this summer, punctuated as it is by heatwaves, record-breaking temperatures and wildfires from Suffolk to Sutherland (and that’s just in Britain) I should be so richly entertained by insects. Not ironic that they like the hot, dry weather – of course they do, so long as they have food and water. It’s as though, at the same time that we are forced to stare climate catastrophe in the face, we are also reminded of what we stand to lose. Nature is shouting at us!

Our local rewilding site (Rewilding Denmarkfield) recorded their highest annual count of butterflies in July, with 3 months still to go, and a wide diversity of bee, butterfly and moth species. In Taymount Wood, a wonderful wild flower walk organised by West Stormont Woodland Group and Perthshire Society of Natural Science culminated in an experience that could only be described as magical – walking through a woodland glade full of knapweed and thistles in flower, where the butterflies and moths were way too many to count, too glorious and moving around us in clouds, to identify. Many were quite common – Peacock, Red Admiral, Meadow Brown – and some less often spotted – Small Copper, Dark Green Fritillary. But identification becomes irrelevant when a Peacock Butterfly is sitting on your arm for ages and you realise just how astonishingly beautiful are those iridescent “eyes”, the sheen of gold and blue and glistening terracotta, the soft hairs around a plump abdomen, the unreal curliness of the nectar-seeking proboscis. In my own garden, where a holiday, a heatwave and a strimmer breakdown caused a dusty meadow of flowering grasses to replace what we used to pretend was a no-cut May & June “lawn”, Meadow Brown butterflies have moved in, and a cloud of micromoths whenever you try to walk through it.

Factors I’d like to think have helped: the careful meadow management regime at Denmarkfield; partly deliberate, partly accidental non-interventions by gardeners like me; WSWG managing to persuade Forest & Land Scotland NOT to cut the path edges just as the knapweed was starting to flower as they’ve done before….

Last week, I did my monthly Bee-walk, for the Bumblebee Conservation Trust. One of my Walks starts conveniently at my front door and this time, I found it hard to get out of the garden! Apart from spotting male Field Cuckoo bumblebees for the first time on the elecampane, there were so many bees on wild oregano and fascinating insects I wasn’t meant to be recording to engage with – as well as an unexpectedly large wasp byke in my comfrey-tea bin to escape from! I nibbled the first blackberries on my way; there has been such a huge crop of Tayberries, currants and gooseberries I haven’t begrudged the blackbirds a share of any of them. And the apple, pear and damson harvest will be spectacular soon.  I continued my Bee-walk, noting, as usual, less insects in general around highly-managed arable landscapes. But the rosebay willow herb in full flow along the verges literally buzzed. It had attracted more Field Cuckoo bees, and all a neighbour’s honeybees. Last month, wild raspberry flowers were the main attraction on this section. Now, most of the raspberries themselves had been eaten, by birds, beasts or humans – although those left, slightly fermenting, were being enjoyed by various shiny flies.

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It was a beautiful afternoon, so, bee walk finished, I kept on walking, along the narrow path where I foraged delectable, dripping-sweet gean cherries from the overhanging branches of self-sown wild cherry trees. Gean cherries can occasionally be disappointing – and they are always a quarter of the size of “shop” cherries – but these trees are special. Some produce rich, power packed black fruit, and some crisp, pale red and white ones – all are good. I ate all the ones I could reach by jumping and grabbing a branch, but my high-jumping skills have always been limited. On I went, past stands of feral and wild gooseberries in the hedgerow shade, to hunt speculatively for mushrooms in the wood and sit on my favourite log watching trees grow and fall, and seed swell. There I bumped into Sammy, a neighbouring dog, and his owner, Chris, who luckily is about ten feet tall. We walked back together, exchanging nature notes and helping ourselves to the high-up cherries, spitting out the stones into the hedgerow as we went along.

I thought about connections. Such a buzz-word these days! Do you have a connection? Are you well connected? What kind of connection do they have there? Have you lost your connection? These were the connections I listed:

Between the insects and the flowers, causing fruit and seed
Between the fruit in my garden and the birds who get half of them
Between me and my neighbours, who share the fruit in our gardens, and the jams and jellies we make
Between the animals – squirrels, birds, deer, mice, me and Chris – who eat the fruit and disperse the seed to grow more trees and bushes
Between the trees, bushes and flowers who evolved to survive  through pollination by insects and seed dispersal by animals

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These are just some of the vital connections we need to enshrine in our consciousness. And, perhaps to a lesser degree, but in a way that has become necessary, even the high-speed broadband and fibre connections that inform, that make citizen science relevant, that create dialogues, promote regenerative ways of thinking, change the mindset of turgid quangos and (maybe) some stuck politicians – and which bring these ramblings to your inbox.

Nature IS shouting – let’s keep listening.

Oh Bees, that will not let us go…

First, let me make it understood: the narrow path at the back between our house and an unruly hedge of ghastly snowberries and virulent ivy is a no-go area we rarely check up on till the ivy taps on the one narrow window in that wall. This is how the bee boxes went un-noticed.

A hive of bees blocked off the entrance to that path for many years. It also made the lovely south-facing corner of the garden a bit of a no-go area for maintenance in summer, until we tired of the feeling that the woods were devouring the house, and moved the bees to the farm where we grow fruit trees, and the ministrations of better beekeepers. However, there have always been feral bees in Bankfoot (to which we may at times have contributed – but surely not), so we kept what’s known as a bait hive there, in case a swarm was looking for somewhere to take up residence. It’s basically an empty hive with some honey scented frames of ready-to-build honeycomb inside. If they did, and if all went well, they too would be moved to the farm.

This worked in 2019, and again in spring this year. A big, exuberant swarm arrived in May (clearly worth their load of hay). We left them to settle and establish, partly because we’re busy/lazy/unprepared, but also because whenever we interfere too much with bees, something seems to go wrong. Bees, in my experience, know what they’re doing far better than we do. I confess, I know all the theory, but am a terrible beekeeper. Sadly, on this occasion, we were all helpless in the face of pesticide poisoning. The bees started coming home in dribs and drabs, crawling around witless on the patio and unable to reach the hive, many dying with their probosces (tongues in the vernacular) protruding. The whole colony was killed; whether from agricultural blitzkrieg or over-enthusiastic wannabe gardeners in lockdown, I’ll never know. We put the boxes and frames on the bonfire in case the other honeybees that came to rob the undefended honey got poisoned by it, and cleared the site.

One day at the beginning of August, John and Linda called for a garden visit while we were out. When we got back, John said, “See your bees are doing well, very active today.”

“No, no, we don’t have bees, they were poisoned. That’ll just be robbers still smelling the old hive.” John looked very sceptical, but the matter was dropped. A few days later, in the warm sunny weather, we both thought, that’s odd, those robbing bees do seem to be very purposeful. That’s when we discovered the haphazard arrangement of two bee boxes, discarded gods know how long ago, in the dark, ivy-infested jungle at the side of the house.

Clearing the undergrowth

We had bees. Again. Get the smoker out.

A late swarm like this is usually small, and doomed. But with our usual ineptitude, we hacked back the undergrowth and installed the colony in some sort of bee-order with a floor, varroa mesh (which we initially put on upside down, so had to dismantle and reassemble the whole structure), a opening restrictor to deter robbers (it was when we couldn’t get that in the entrance that we realised the varroa floor was upside down) and a roof. Still unsure how to tempt queen and colony from their wild comb into nice neat rectangular beekeepers’ wooden frames. Maybe we won’t. Gradually, a few inches at a time, we moved the bees forward out of the undergrowth so that they’re almost in the sun. Luckily, there’s been a lot of sun.

The thing about a bee suit is, it’s pointless unless everything’s tucked in

Now, at the start of October, they are still very active, feasting on late nectar flows from our Hemp Agrimony, Globe Thistles, Wild Bergamot, Sunflowers, Knapweeds and Michaelmas Daisies. Grudgingly, I note that the virulent ivy when it flowers will be just what they need before the winter. Who knows if they’ll come through the winter? These times are tough for our pollinators, tough for every species in fact. If they do, they’re going to the farm. Check for boxes in the undergrowth.

Bees, Butterflies and an Old Straight Track

5mile wood1

The things you do in a lockdown. I wouldn’t normally walk from the house to Five Mile Wood, I’d call in on my way to somewhere else, parking the car. It’s not an especially long walk, but since they felled most of the trees on the Bankfoot side, cavernous ditches and hollows have made the entrance to the wood treacherous, wet and debateable, and the track to get there goes on a bit and is not especially interesting.

Or so I thought.

I marched out from Bankfoot on one of those dazzling, sun-struck mornings of which we’ve seen so many this April. We crossed the pleasantly deserted A9 and the field to the edges of Cairnleith Moss and turned right along the track to North Barns. The path stretched ahead in a tediously straight line, the wood in the far distance looking nearer than it actually was. At some point, I turned round to let the dog catch up.

5mile track1

It was a VERY straight track. North, it pointed directly at Birnam Gap, the space between the hills where every Great North Road is forced to pass. Ahead of me, beyond Five Mile Wood, the conical East Lomond Hill in Fife lay in a direct line. Suddenly, it fell into place. With these landscape markers aligned, this was the ancient route north – preceding the drovers’ track above my house, which preceded the winding old A9 through Bankfoot village, which went before the current A9. They all run roughly parallel, and all have to go through Birnam Gap. (Later I consulted the maps: this old straight track seems to have continued beyond the wood to meet the Tay at Waulkmill, then probably followed the straight road through Stormontfield, and on to Perth or beyond).

5mile track2

On either side, vast, treeless fields stretched forever, brown, homogenous, dusty and devoid of hedges. In a hollow beside the track were a dozen beehives. I realised the field I’d just passed did contain a crop – oil seed rape, yet to flower. That’s why the bees were there. A farm vehicle traversed the horizon on the other side, trailing an enormous boom sprayer. Dust and chemicals billowed behind it. The smell in my nostrils was like an airport runway. How on earth, I thought, did the bees keep going, while waiting for the rape to flower? There were no wild flowers in this agricultural desert.

5mile entrance           5mile gorse

Reaching the edge of Five Mile Wood, I crossed the gate into the ravaged landscape of felled trees. The footpath sign directed me, and I could see where I needed to be, straight ahead on the old track, but a new route had to be picked to get there. Others had succeeded; makeshift log bridges across water-filled ditches, meandering paths that skirted the boggy areas. I reached the main path which circles the interior of the wood amid the heady coconut-scent of gorse – and there I found the bees, working the flowers sprung up in the new heathland created by felling. Beautiful birches, freed from forest, leaves just opening against a vivid sky. A border of dandelions edged the path, dancing golden and perfect in the sun of noon. Goat willows, pioneer trees of clearings, still in flower, had attracted a small swarm of peacock butterflies. In the new landscape of a one-time forest the bees and butterflies and all the creatures of the heath found sanctuary.

5mile birch     5mile peacock

Returning home, I thought about how important this chameleon landscape is, set against modern farming. I thought, too, about the old straight track that entered the woods, and how its purpose was muddied by activities that had made it so hard to follow. I thought how approach and access is so important, in any plans we may have for these woods in the future.

5mile dandelion

The Gorse Tenement Spiders of Perthshire

“When gorse is out of flowers, kissing’s out of season,” so the saying goes.

That’s one use for this for this furiously jaggy native shrub, also known as whin, or furze. Since flowers can be found on a gorse bush in every month of the year, it’s a license for affection. A light tea from the deliciously coconut-scented flowers is another purpose; the same flowers are an ingredient in natural dyes. Sounds highly unlikely, given that horses have sensitive mouths, but allegedly the dry branches of gorse, thorns and all, are a nutritious feed for these beasts. The plant’s tendency to seed, spread and steam all over any unsuspecting tract of slightly open ground might be off-putting to the gardener, but there’s little doubt it makes a good deterrent for invaders and intruders.

Do we reckon the value of a plant only in terms of its uses to humans? Too often! A hillside bright with gorse will not only gladden the human eye, but it will provide pollen and nectar for a range of bees and other insects. A gorse bush is an ecosystem owing nothing to our interference.gorsespiders2

One autumn morning – the kind where damp mists hang low and the sun is watery and out of sight, I came upon the Spider Tenements. I did not see a single arachnid – nor yet a gorse flower! – but the fog condensing on the gossamer revealed each web on these gorse bushes in elaborate detail. It also revealed the happiness of spiders to rub shoulders (knees?) with one another in close proximity. If one web equals one spider, there must be hundreds on every bush. They don’t mind the jagginess; obviously it gives them lots of points for attachment of their superficially haphazard cobwebs!

gorsespiders1

 

I wonder how many small insects were caught on this bush today. How many webs do you think there are?

And does anyone know what kind of spider my gorse-loving, tenement-dwelling pals might be?